sian ka'an - unesco world heritage centre

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In the language of the Mayan peoples who once inhabited this region, Sian Ka'an means 'Origin of the Sky'. Located on the east coast of the Yucatán peninsula, this biosphere reserve contains tropical forests, mangroves and marshes, as well as a large marine section intersected by a barrier reef. It provides a habitat for a remarkably rich flora and a fauna comprising more than 300 species of birds, as well as a large number of the region's characteristic terrestrial vertebrates, which cohabit in the diverse environment formed by its complex hydrological system. Sian Ka'an Dans la langue des Indiens Mayas qui peuplaient autrefois la région, Sian Ka'an signifie « origine du ciel ». Située sur la côte est du Yucatán, cette réserve de la biosphère comprend des forêts tropicales, des mangroves et des marais, ainsi qu'une vaste étendue marine traversée par une barrière de récifs. Elle abrite une flore remarquablement riche et une faune qui comprend plus de 300 espèces d'oiseaux, ainsi qu'une grande partie des vertébrés terrestres caractéristiques de la région, qui cohabitent dans la diversité des milieux formés par son système hydrologique complexe. سيان كعان في لغة هنود المايا الذين كانوا يسكنون المنطقة في الماضي، سيان كعان تعني "أصل السماء". فمحمية المحيط الحيوي هذه التي تقع على الساحل الشرقي ليوكاتان، تضمّ غابات مدارية وأشجار المنغروف ومستنقعات، بالاضافة الى مساحةٍ بحريةٍ واسعةٍ يجتازها حاجزٌ من الشُعب المرجانية. كما تحتوي على تشكيلة نباتات غنيّة للغاية وعلى مجموعة من الحيوانات تتألّف من أكثر من 300 نوع من العصافير، بالاضافة إلى جزءٍ كبيرٍ من الفقاريات الأرضية الخاصّة بتلك المنطقة والتي تتعايش مع تنوّع البيئات الذي يبتكره نظام المياه المعقّد فيها. source: UNESCO/ERI 圣卡安古代玛雅人曾在这个地区居住过，在他们的语言里，圣卡安是“天之源”的意思。这一生物保护区位于尤卡坦半岛东岸，内有热带森林、红树林和沼泽地，还有被礁石分割开的海产区。这个自然保护区为大量的动物和植物提供了生活场所，其中包括300多种鸟类，以及大量当地特有的陆地脊椎动物，这些动物在这个多样性的环境里共同生活，形成了一个复杂的水文学系统。 source: UNESCO/ERI Биосферный резерват Сиан-Каан

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На языке индейцев майя, которые в давние времена населяли этот район, Сиан-Каан означает «Там, где начинается небо». Биосферный резерват расположен на восточном побережье полуострова Юкатан, где произрастают тропические леса, есть мангры и болота, а также - значительная морская акватория с участком барьерного рифа. Местные флора и фауна отличаются большим разнообразием, здесь обитает свыше 300 видов птиц, встречается большое число типичных для региона наземных позвоночных, которые существуют во взаимосвязи со своеобразными местными гидрогеологическими условиями. source: UNESCO/ERI Sian Ka'an En la lengua de los mayas que poblaban antaño la región, Sian Ka’an significa “origen del cielo”. Situada en la costa oriental de la península de Yucatán, esta reserva de biosfera abarca bosques tropicales, manglares, marismas y una vasta zona marina atravesada por un arrecife de barrera. Alberga una flora de gran riqueza y su fauna comprende más de 300 especies de pájaros y un gran número de vertebrados terrestres característicos de la región, que coexisten en el medio diversificado resultante del complejo sistema hidrológico del sitio. source: UNESCO/ERI シアン・カアン source: Sian Ka'an Sian Ka’an betekent ‘Oorsprong van de Hemel’ in de taal van de Maya volkeren die ooit deze regio bewoonden. Het reservaat ligt aan de oostkust van het schiereiland Yucatán en omvat tropische bossen, mangrovebossen, moerassen en een zeegebied dat doorkruist wordt door een rif. Sian Ka’an vormt een habitat voor een opmerkelijk rijke flora en fauna. Die laatste bestaat uit meer dan 300 vogelsoorten en een groot aantal karakteristieke gewervelde landdieren uit de regio. Er zijn 103 soorten zoogdieren, waaronder vijf katachtigen: de jaguar, poema, ocelot, margay en jaguarondi. De dieren leven samen in de gevarieerde omgeving, gevormd door een complex hydrologisch systeem. Source:

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Brief Synthesis Thousands of years ago the original Maya inhabitants appreciated the exceptional natural beauty of this stretch of coastline, naming it Sian Ka´an, or “Origin of the Sky". Located on the Eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the State of Quintana Roo, Sian Ka´an is one of Mexico's largest protected areas, established to manage 528,148 hectares of intricately linked marine, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems. Along its roughly 120 kilometres of coastline, the property covers over 400,000 hectares of land ranging from sea level to only ten m.a.s.l. The property boasts diverse tropical forests, palm savannah, one of the most pristine wetlands in the region, lagoons, extensive mangrove stands, as well as sandy beaches and dunes. The 120,000 hectares of marine area protect a valuable part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef and seagrass beds in the shallow bays. The lush green of the forests and the many shades of blue of the lagoons and the Caribbean Sea under a wide sky offer fascinating visual impressions. The diversity of life in Sian Ka'an is exceptional. The tropical forests are home to charismatic mammals such as Jaguar, Puma, Ocelot and Central American Tapir. The property also provides habitat for a large number of resident and migratory bird species. There is a great diversity of marine life, including the West Indian Manatee, four species of nesting marine turtles and hundreds of fish species. About a third of the property is comprised of highly diverse and productive mangrove communities, of vital importance to fisheries in the broader region. Hundreds of forested islands, locally known as "Petenes", emerge from the flooded marshes, some reaching over a kilometre in diameter. A geological, biological and cultural particularity are the "Cenotes", deep natural sinkholes harbouring fascinating life forms, many of them endemic. This karst phenomenon results from collapsing limestone exposing groundwater. Criterion (vii): Criterion (x): Integrity The extensive property covers a large wetland complex, tropical forests, a diverse coastline, mangroves and a fascinating marine area with noteworthy corals and seagrass beds, all in a good overall state of conservation. Large tracts of the dense forests, mangroves and marshland are difficult to access and the poor soils and the vulnerability to storms and flooding have contributed to maintaining the mosaic of ecosystems. Many of the boundaries coincide with landscape features, such as the natural edge of the marshes in the South-East or the limits of the Espiritu Santo Bay catchment in the South. In the ocean, a depth of 50 metres has been defined as the Eastern boundary of Sian Ka'an. The property is of great importance to support the continuity of the intricate connections between terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems and their rich flora and fauna. Sian Ka'an embraces a self-protecting system that is characteristic of the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula: the Mesoamerican Reef shelters the landward mangroves and seagrass beds, while the mangroves trap sediments, filter pollution and serve as nurseries for many vertebrates and invertebrates in the reef. In other words, these major landscape and seascape features are of vital importance to each other. It is therefore indispensable to consider them jointly in management and conservation, as is the case in Sian Ka'an. The contiguity with the almost 90,000 hectares protected as Uaymil Flora and Fauna Protection Area to the South and other important marine and terrestrial protected areas nearby likewise contribute to the integrity of Sian Ka'an. Requirements for protection and management

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After the historic abandonment of the area, inaccessibility, frequent flooding and poor soils allowed for centuries of natural regeneration, until governmental schemes encouraged timber extraction and land clearing for cattle pastures in the 20th Century. The undesired effects of uncontrolled development led to the creation of a nature reserve in 1982, consolidated in 1986 when the area was categorized a national biosphere reserve by Presidential Decree and also internationally recognised. More recently, Sian Ka'an was also recognised as part of a vast Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. The large property is federally owned with the exception of a small patch of private land of around one percent of the total area on the Northern coast. Today, Mexico's National Protected Areas Agency (CONANP) under the Ministry of the Environment (SEMARNAT) is in charge of management, cooperating with partners at all levels of government. A management programme is to guide all activities and zoning. The involvement of local communities, governmental representatives, Academia and non-governmental organisations in management is promoted through an Advisory Council. Sian Ka'an is susceptible to frequent and heavy tropical storms. The barrier reef provides natural protection for the coast, a telling example of conservation contributing to disaster preparedness. As for human impacts, the inaccessibility protects large tracts of the property. Besides the coastal fishing villages of Punta Allen and Punta Herrero, there are few permanent residents in the property. Hunting, fishing and collection of forest products, however, are widespread. Sport fishing and commercial fishing to supply nearby tourism centres has resulted in marked declines of some species, notably the Spiny Lobster. Management responses are needed. Agriculture north of the property bears pollution risks pollution and fires set to clear land have repeatedly spread into the property. Alien invasive species are reported, mostly along the dirt tracks on land but also in the ocean. The main economic sector directly and indirectly impacting on the property, however, is tourism. Fishing lodges and clubs, small hotels, cabins and trailer parks are the visible manifestations within the property. Tourism has reached proportions of mass tourism along parts of the Yucatan Coast and the property is in the vicinity of Tulum and Cancun, two of Yucatan’s major tourist attractions. Associated coastal urbanisation with, for example, well-documented garbage and sewage problems, require monitoring and management responses. Attempts to encourage low impact forms of tourism in the property to promote public awareness and visitor education but also as a source of conservation funding deserves consolidation. Media Activities (3) Events (1) 24-Feb-2006-28-Feb-2006 Links Quintana Roo, Cozumel et Felipe Carrillo Puerto

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